{"id":37921,"date":"2023-09-26T12:19:38","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T09:19:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/?p=37921"},"modified":"2025-08-29T23:27:43","modified_gmt":"2025-08-29T20:27:43","slug":"what-is-base-coinbases-l2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/what-is-base-coinbases-l2\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Base, Coinbase\u2019s L2?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Base?<\/h2>\n<p>Base is a <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-a-layer%e2%80%912-solution-in-blockchain\">layer-2 solution<\/a> (L2) built on the <a href=\"https:\/\/optimism.mirror.xyz\/fLk5UGjZDiXFuvQh6R_HscMQuuY9ABYNF7PI76-qJYs\">OP Stack<\/a> architecture from <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-optimism-op\">Optimism<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Backed by the crypto exchange Coinbase, the platform \u201coffers a secure, low-cost and developer-friendly way to build decentralised applications.\u201d It operates as a network of <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-are-rollups-and-how-do-they-scale-ethereum\">rollup<\/a> on Ethereum.<\/p>\n<p>Base integrates with the American company\u2019s core products, including Coinbase Wallet.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The exchange collaborates with Optimism as a core developer of OP Stack. A portion of transaction fees on Base <a href=\"https:\/\/optimism.mirror.xyz\/2jk3D1Y8-hid8YOCUUa6yXmsyzNCYYyFJP0Nhaey9x0\">flows to the Optimism Collective treasury<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Coinbase and its venture arm have also launched the Base Ecosystem Fund, which invests in early-stage projects building on the new L2.<\/p>\n<p>The Base testnet went live on February 23. On July 13 the project opened mainnet access to <span data-descr=\"decentralised applications\" class=\"old_tooltip\">dapps<\/span> developers. Builders gained access to a range of services, including:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>node providers, including Blockdaemon, QuickNode and Blast;<\/li>\n<li>smart-wallet infrastructure from Safe;<\/li>\n<li>the blockchain explorers Basescan and Blockscout;<\/li>\n<li>data indexers The Graph, Goldsky and Covalent;<\/li>\n<li>developer tools from Thirdweb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Once mainnet opened, a wave of memecoins flooded the chain, some rising a hundredfold.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Base\u2019s full public launch came on August 9, alongside functionality for interacting with non-fungible tokens. Users could mint commemorative NFTs, complete quests for rewards and reserve crypto handles in Coinbase Wallet.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>On the eve of the full launch, the team rolled out the official <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-are-cross-chain-bridges\">cross-chain bridge<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why does Coinbase need an L2?<\/h2>\n<p>Coinbase is America\u2019s largest publicly traded crypto exchange. Its user base exceeds 100m.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Analysts at CoinGecko <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coingecko.com\/learn\/base-coinbase-layer-2\">believe<\/a> Base is \u201ca starting point for introducing\u201d the exchange\u2019s customers to DeFi. For developers of existing dapps, the new protocol offers incentives to integrate and access a large user base.<\/p>\n<p>Jesse Pollak, Coinbase\u2019s head of protocols, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coindesk.com\/tech\/2023\/08\/09\/coinbase-officially-launches-base-blockchain-milestone-for-a-public-company\">said he was confident<\/a> the company would generate additional revenue from launching its own blockchain.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\n<cite>\u201cAt the current stage, Base will be monetized through sequencer fees, which are charged for any operation on the platform,\u201d the CoinGecko experts noted.<\/cite><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>However, as Pollak stressed, the developers are \u201cfocused on expanding [the protocol\u2019s] applications\u201d and plan to reinvest proceeds in innovation.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Base have, or plan, a native token?<\/h2>\n<p>From the testnet launch, the team made clear that the L2 would not issue a token\u2014ETH is used to pay transaction fees.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-conversation=\"none\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">2\/ Important: Base is *not* a token<\/p>\n<p>We do not plan to issue a new network token for Base and will use ETH as the native gas token.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Coinbase ?\ufe0f? (@coinbase) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/coinbase\/status\/1628760205692485633?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">February 23, 2023<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>In September, project representatives reiterated this point on X.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/We-have-no-plans.webp\" alt=\"We-have-no-plans\" class=\"wp-image-216591\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Data: <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/BuildOnBase\">X<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What sets Base apart?<\/h2>\n<p>Base is part of the <a href=\"https:\/\/app.optimism.io\/superchain\">Superchain<\/a> L2 ecosystem: a unified network of blockchains built with OP Stack, which offers significant scope for scaling and interoperability, as well as ease of deploying new systems.<\/p>\n<p>As an L2, Base inherits Ethereum\u2019s security.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The new platform is also <span data-descr=\"Ethereum Virtual Machine, the virtual machine of Ethereum\" class=\"old_tooltip\">EVM<\/span>-equivalent. Developers can deploy applications on Base without major code changes, using familiar tools such as Foundry, Hard Hat and Truffle.<\/p>\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coingecko.com\/learn\/base-coinbase-layer-2\">CoinGecko<\/a>, fees on Base are ten times lower than on Ethereum mainnet.<\/p>\n<p>Drawbacks include:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Centralisation. At this stage Coinbase operates as the sole Base sequencer node, giving it significant control over transactions, their processing and ordering. However, according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/base.mirror.xyz\/H_KPwV31M7OJT-THUnU7wYjOF16Sy7aWvaEr5cgHi8I\">roadmap<\/a>, in 2024 the developers aim to achieve \u201cdecentralisation and security comparable to Ethereum\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>A lengthy <a href=\"https:\/\/bridge.base.org\/withdraw\">withdrawal period<\/a> of around seven days, owing to the way Optimism\u2019s fraud proofs work.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How is the Base ecosystem developing?<\/h2>\n<p>A number of well-known <span data-descr=\"decentralised\/non-custodial exchange\" class=\"old_tooltip\">DEX<\/span> and other DeFi protocols have added support for Base, including:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Symbiosis Finance;<\/li>\n<li>Uniswap;<\/li>\n<li>Compound;<\/li>\n<li>1inch;<\/li>\n<li>PancakeSwap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Forks on the new L2 have appeared, including:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the Aave v3 lending protocol (Seamless Protocol);<\/li>\n<li>the largest DEX in the OP Mainnet ecosystem, Velodrome Finance (Aerodrome).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In early September Circle issued USDC natively on Base. Within weeks, the stablecoin\u2019s supply on the network <a href=\"https:\/\/basescan.org\/token\/0x833589fCD6eDb6E08f4c7C32D4f71b54bdA02913\">reached $165m<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>As the mainnet opened to the public, the network\u2019s <span data-descr=\"total value of funds locked in decentralised applications\u2019 smart contracts\" class=\"old_tooltip\">TVL<\/span> hit $153m, overtaking StarkNet, which has been live since 2021.<\/p>\n<p>On September 1, locked assets on the Coinbase-backed network reached $380.4m\u2014up 95.9% in a week\u2014putting the L2 in ninth place on <a href=\"https:\/\/defillama.com\/chains\">DeFi Llama<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The initial driver of TVL growth on Base was hype around the <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-web3\">Web3<\/a> social network Friend.Tech.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Momentum later shifted to the decentralised exchange Aerodrome, from the team behind the popular Optimism DEX Velodrome.<\/p>\n<p>In mid-September Base surpassed Ethereum in transactions per second (TPS). The Coinbase-backed L2 reached 12.93 TPS, versus 10.18 TPS on the main network of the second-largest cryptocurrency.<\/p>\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/basescan.org\/chart\/tx\">BaseScan<\/a>, on September 14 the network processed a record 1.88m transactions in a day. For comparison, leaders by TVL <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-arbitrum\">Arbitrum<\/a> and Optimism posted 503,655 and 378,444, respectively.<\/p>\n<p>As of September 26, the Base ecosystem\u2019s aggregate TVL stood at $389m. Activity was heaviest on Aerodrome, Friend.Tech and Compound V3.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"473\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/DeFi-Llama-14-1024x473.png\" alt=\"DeFi-Llama-14\" class=\"wp-image-216592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/DeFi-Llama-14-1024x473.png 1024w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/DeFi-Llama-14-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/DeFi-Llama-14-768x355.png 768w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/DeFi-Llama-14-1536x709.png 1536w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/DeFi-Llama-14.png 1609w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Data: <a href=\"https:\/\/defillama.com\/chain\/Base\">DeFi Llama<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The new L2 ranks third on L2BEAT, behind only Arbitrum One and OP Mainnet. These are also based on Optimistic Rollup technology.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"604\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/l2beat-7-1024x604.png\" alt=\"l2beat-7\" class=\"wp-image-216593\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/l2beat-7-1024x604.png 1024w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/l2beat-7-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/l2beat-7-768x453.png 768w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/l2beat-7.png 1125w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Data: <a href=\"https:\/\/l2beat.com\/scaling\/summary\">L2BEAT<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Since the first half of September, Base has outpaced the above L2s by daily transaction count.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tx_count-1-1024x264.png\" alt=\"tx_count-1\" class=\"wp-image-216594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tx_count-1-1024x264.png 1024w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tx_count-1-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tx_count-1-768x198.png 768w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tx_count-1-1536x396.png 1536w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/tx_count-1.png 1707w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Data: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theblock.co\/data\/scaling-solutions\/optimistic-rollups\/transaction-count-daily-7dma\">The Block<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In August the developers set out a plan to shift to a decentralised model, including several technical upgrades and the removal of a single point of failure.<\/p>\n<p>In September the project unveiled the Pessimism monitoring system, designed to enhance protection for OP Stack- and EVM-compatible protocols through \u201cfast detection and response\u201d to threats.<\/p>\n<p>According to the statement, Pessimism has monitored and secured the Base mainnet since launch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An explainer on Base, the layer-2 supported by the American crypto exchange Coinbase.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":37922,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"select":"1","news_style_id":"1","cryptorium_level":"1","_short_excerpt_text":"","creation_source":"","_metatest_mainpost_news_update":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2113],"tags":[1321,138,1179],"class_list":["post-37921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cryptorium","tag-base","tag-coinbase","tag-layer-2-solutions"],"aioseo_notices":[],"amp_enabled":true,"views":"176","promo_type":"1","layout_type":"1","short_excerpt":"","is_update":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37921"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37923,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37921\/revisions\/37923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}