{"id":85420,"date":"2023-10-06T14:42:20","date_gmt":"2023-10-06T11:42:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/?p=85420"},"modified":"2025-09-12T23:12:35","modified_gmt":"2025-09-12T20:12:35","slug":"binances-story-as-told-by-forbes-from-ico-to-a-multi-billion-dollar-business","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/binances-story-as-told-by-forbes-from-ico-to-a-multi-billion-dollar-business\/","title":{"rendered":"Binance\u2019s story as told by Forbes \u2014 from ICO to a multi-billion-dollar business"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Forbes conducted an investigation into the rise of the leading cryptocurrency exchange Binance \u2014 from a virtually failed <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-an-ico-and-can-you-profit-from-it\">ICO<\/a> in 2017 to large reserves of digital assets.<\/p>\n<p>Experts from Gray Wolf Analytics and Inca Digital contributed.<\/p>\n<p>Journalists noted that the platform is currently facing an \u201cexistential crisis\u201d due to lawsuits <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/cftc-files-suit-against-binance-and-changpeng-zhao\"><span data-descr=\"U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission\" class=\"old_tooltip\">CFTC<\/span><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/sec-files-suit-against-binance-and-changpeng-zhao\"><span data-descr=\"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission\" class=\"old_tooltip\">SEC<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/binance-us-chief-executive-leaves-company-amid-layoffs\">layoffs<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/media-german-regulator-to-deny-binance-a-crypto-custodian-licence\">refusal<\/a> by a number of payment companies to cooperate. In their view, the greatest difficulty lies in <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/binances-bitcoin-spot-trading-volume-falls-57\">reduction in trading activity<\/a>, which reduced BNB\u2019s capitalization \u2014 a key element of its operating model \u2014 by 68% from <span data-descr=\"all-time high\" class=\"old_tooltip\">ATH<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"><strong>Failed ICO?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>2017 was a boom year for token sales \u2014 in the first half of the year the market rose fivefold, and hundreds of digital assets appeared. After the idea to issue BNB was proposed by Binance management on June 17, and the white paper was published the next day, the process took just two weeks to complete.<\/p>\n<p>Below is a screenshot of Binance\u2019s site (accessible via the web archive) that reveals the token sale roadmap. That information is now removed.<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\">\n<figure class=\\\"aligncenter size-large\\\"><img loading=\\\"lazy\\\" decoding=\\\"async\\\" width=\\\"741\\\" height=\\\"1024\\\" src=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-13-741x1024.png\\\" alt=\\\"21314-13\\\" class=\\\"wp-image-217354\\\" srcset=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-13-741x1024.png 741w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-13-217x300.png 217w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-13-768x1061.png 768w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-13-1112x1536.png 1112w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-13.png 1400w\\\" sizes=\\\"auto, (max-width: 741px) 100vw, 741px\\\" \/><figcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\">Data: Forbes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Founder Changpeng Zhao (CZ) described the $15 million raised at 15 cents per BNB as a \u201chuge success.\u201d The funds went toward building the trading platform, and, to a greater extent, toward marketing.<\/p>\n<p>According to the white paper, of the 200 million BNB issued, 100 million were allocated to the token sale, the remainder to insiders (80 million) and angel investors (20 million).<\/p>\n<p>Binance pledged to buy back and burn half of the 200 million BNB. The asset\u2019s price has reached $213, though at its peak it rose to $675, which made Zhao a billionaire with a net worth of $10 billion.<\/p>\n<p>According to Forbes on-chain analysis, the above picture did not match reality. Instead of the claimed 100 million BNB, the exchange allocated only 10.78 million, with an additional 20 million passed to angel investors. As a result, the platform raised less than $5 million rather than the $15 million claimed, the publication asserts.<\/p>\n<p>The problem is not unique to Binance. According to Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, from March 2016 to March 2018 across 306 ICOs:<\/p>\n<ul class=\\\"wp-block-list\\\">\n<li>\u00a045% of issuers retained unsold tokens;<\/li>\n<li>the rest either distributed them proportionally to investors, or permanently withdrew them from circulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Due to the absence of ICO registration, the real picture was not available to market participants.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"><strong>Where did the undistributed BNB go?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The unsold 65 million BNB were then valued at less than $10 million; today \u2014 about $14 billion.<\/p>\n<p>The exchange retains control over the assets, periodically moving them among 300 addresses (as noted in the CFTC\u2019s suit against the company). The circumstance provided grounds for the SEC to accuse Binance of artificially inflating trading volumes on the platform. Company representatives called such claims \u201cunfounded\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>According to Forbes, Binance controlled almost 117 million BNB, which as of August 31, 2023 accounts for 76% of the total supply. According to experts, the figure reflects, among other things, \u201csecret wallets used to store customer funds and other corporate purposes\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Journalists argue that BNB was a decisive factor in Binance\u2019s emergence as a dominant platform for cryptocurrency trading. Maintaining a high price for the <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/governance-tokens-vs-utility-tokens-whats-the-difference\">utility token<\/a> was central to its success \u2014 just as FTX\u2019s FTT was intended to underpin solvency.<\/p>\n<p>According to information already removed from Binance\u2019s site (accessible via the Wayback Machine), completing the $15 million ICO took less than three minutes rather than three weeks as the white paper anticipated.<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\">\n<figure class=\\\"aligncenter size-large\\\"><img loading=\\\"lazy\\\" decoding=\\\"async\\\" width=\\\"1024\\\" height=\\\"523\\\" src=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-14-1024x523.png\\\" alt=\\\"21314-14\\\" class=\\\"wp-image-217355\\\" srcset=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-14-1024x523.png 1024w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-14-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-14-768x392.png 768w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-14.png 1400w\\\" sizes=\\\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\\\" \/><figcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\">Data: Forbes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"><strong>On-chain analysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Analysts say that after the issuance of 200 million BNB from the deployer wallet, they initially moved to an address controlled by the platform, and only then were distributed among ICO participants.<\/p>\n<p>On-chain analysis showed that instead of the claimed 120 million BNB, the exchange transferred only 55 million BNB in 13 transactions from July 6 to August 14, 2017.<\/p>\n<p>Experts described as possible but unlikely that the platform stored some of the tokens on its balance sheet on behalf of buyers. It is possible that Binance issued derivatives, but that is not standard practice and not verifiable, the journalists noted.<\/p>\n<p>In Forbes, an analysis of the main wallets that initially received BNB was presented. Researchers estimate that the number of angels and retail investors during the first full month after the ICO\u2019s closure was fewer than 2,000 addresses \u2014 10% of the 20,000 registered on the exchange, according to CZ.<\/p>\n<p>Analysts explained that there is significant duplication, transfers between wallets and mixing of funds among them, which makes the precise count of participants in each group difficult.<\/p>\n<p>From the illustration below, it follows that from September 2017 to August 2018 there were no transfers from the deployer wallet. It is also possible to see about 65 million BNB that Binance sent from the deployer wallet to the address \u201cBinance 5\u201d in 2018, which apparently remained unsold during the ICO.<\/p>\n<p>That wallet held 99.4 million BNB, accounting for half of the total supply. According to the white paper, the organization and its leaders were to own an additional 80 million tokens.<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\">\n<figure class=\\\"aligncenter size-large\\\"><img loading=\\\"lazy\\\" decoding=\\\"async\\\" width=\\\"1024\\\" height=\\\"779\\\" src=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-15-1024x779.png\\\" alt=\\\"21314-15\\\" class=\\\"wp-image-217357\\\" srcset=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-15-1024x779.png 1024w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-15-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-15-768x584.png 768w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-15.png 1440w\\\" sizes=\\\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\\\" \/><figcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\">Data: Forbes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\\\"wp-block-heading\\\"><strong>What do analysts say?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<blockquote class=\\\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\\\">\n<p><em>\u00abSuch discrepancies [\u2026] perplex. Stakeholders and the community are left to guess about the true nature of the ICO\u2019s evolution, the reliability of reported trading volumes, and the adequacy of consumer-protection measures. These unresolved questions underscore the key role of blockchain technology in improving transparency and accountability in the crypto ecosystem, where trust is an absolute imperative\u00bb<\/em>, \u2014 Gray Wolf analysts.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>According to Inca Digital\u2019s CEO Adam Zarazinski, the spread of misleading information about the ICO\u2019s actual results created overly optimistic expectations about the token\u2019s future success, leaving Binance \u201cwith the ability to sustain an artificially high price for BNB\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Forbes noted that the data <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/binance-reports-16-billion-in-bitcoin-reserves\">Proof of Reserves<\/a> do not include the platform\u2019s corporate assets in BNB. Net customer funds in the coin total 30.3 million. They are backed by 34.5 million BNB, which \u201cconstitutes a modest over-collateralisation.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, the authors listed Binance\u2019s entire wallet list with BNB:<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\">\n<figure class=\\\"aligncenter size-full\\\"><img decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-17.webp\\\" alt=\\\"21314-17\\\" class=\\\"wp-image-217359\\\"\/><figcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\">Data: Forbes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>On addresses allegedly linked to the platform, 63.1 million BNB (~$15.7 billion) were stored. Combined with assets on disclosed wallets, the figure amounts to 116.9 million BNB (~$27.3 billion).<\/p>\n<div class=\\\"wp-block-image\\\">\n<figure class=\\\"aligncenter size-full\\\"><img decoding=\\\"async\\\" src=\\\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/21314-18.webp\\\" alt=\\\"21314-18\\\" class=\\\"wp-image-217360\\\"\/><figcaption class=\\\"wp-element-caption\\\">Data: Forbes.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>In 2020, Binance <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/binance-sues-forbes-over-defamatory-statements\">filed a lawsuit<\/a> against the publication for defamatory statements, but later <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/binance-withdraws-defamation-suit-against-forbes\">withdrew<\/a> it.<\/p>\n<p>In February 2023 Forbes<a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/forbes-points-to-binance-practices-eerily-similar-to-ftx-maneuvers\"> noted<\/a> parallels with FTX\u2019s maneuvers. Zhao called the article &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/changpeng-zhao-responds-to-forbes-fud-allegations\">another FUD article<\/a>&#8216;.<\/p>\n<p>In January, CZ said that FTX paid an unnamed media outlet <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/changpeng-zhao-ftx-paid-43-million-for-fud-campaign-against-binance\">$43 million for a negative campaign<\/a> against Binance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Forbes conducted an investigation into the rise of the leading cryptocurrency exchange Binance\u2014from a virtually failed ICO in 2017 to large holdings of digital assets.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":85421,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"select":"1","news_style_id":"1","cryptorium_level":"","_short_excerpt_text":"","creation_source":"","_metatest_mainpost_news_update":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[744,34,319,1323,1150],"class_list":["post-85420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-binance","tag-forbes","tag-ico","tag-investigations","tag-news-plus"],"aioseo_notices":[],"amp_enabled":true,"views":"38","promo_type":"1","layout_type":"1","short_excerpt":"","is_update":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=85420"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":85422,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85420\/revisions\/85422"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/85421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=85420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=85420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=85420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}