{"id":91811,"date":"2025-12-04T09:32:56","date_gmt":"2025-12-04T06:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/?p=91811"},"modified":"2025-12-05T09:41:20","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T06:41:20","slug":"fusaka-hard-fork-goes-live-on-ethereum-mainnet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/fusaka-hard-fork-goes-live-on-ethereum-mainnet\/","title":{"rendered":"Fusaka Hard Fork Goes Live on Ethereum Mainnet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ethereum developers have successfully deployed the <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/fusaka-upgrade-what-it-means-for-ethereums-future\">Fusaka<\/a> upgrade on mainnet.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-conversation=\"none\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Fusaka is live on Ethereum mainnet!<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 PeerDAS now unlocks 8x data throughput for rollups<br \/>\u2014 UX improvements via the R1 curve &#038; pre-confirmatons<br \/>\u2014 Prep for scaling the L1 with gas limit increase &#038; more<\/p>\n<p>Community members will continue to monitor for issues over the next 24 hrs.<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Ethereum (@ethereum) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ethereum\/status\/1996339856415342914?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 3, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-a-hard-fork\">hard fork<\/a> is designed to deliver foundational improvements to boost the scalability, efficiency and security of the network behind the second-largest cryptocurrency.<\/p>\n<p>Fusaka is the second-largest upgrade after <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/ethereum-activates-major-pectra-upgrade\">Pectra<\/a>, comprising ten improvement proposals. The most significant is <a href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7594\"><span data-descr=\"Ethereum improvement proposal\" class=\"old_tooltip\">EIP<\/span>-7594<\/a>, which brings the PeerDAS protocol to Ethereum. The technology allows validators to verify small fragments instead of entire <span data-descr=\"large arrays of binary data\" class=\"old_tooltip\">BLOB<\/span> objects, improving data availability across the ecosystem.<\/p>\n<p>The upgrade also envisages more than doubling the gas limit at layer 1. It is expected to lift blockchain throughput to 12,000 <span data-descr=\"transactions per second\" class=\"old_tooltip\">TPS<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Among other changes:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ethereum\/EIPs\/blob\/master\/EIPS\/eip-7825.md\">EIP-7825<\/a>: sets a 30m per-transaction gas cap to strengthen network security and prevent overloads;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7939\">EIP-7939<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/eips.ethereum.org\/EIPS\/eip-7951\">EIP-7951<\/a>: improve performance and expand the capabilities of <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-a-zero-knowledge-proof\">ZK<\/a> solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The EIPs within the upgrade will be rolled out in stages from December to January.<\/p>\n<p>The team will then focus on the next <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-a-hard-fork\">hard fork<\/a>, Glamsterdam, which\u2014like Fusaka\u2014falls within The Surge phase of Ethereum\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/ru\/roadmap\/\">technical roadmap<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ETH reaction<\/h2>\n<p>The second-largest cryptocurrency rose 3.6% over the past day following the upgrade. At press time the asset trades around $3,100.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"604\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-1cfbc9346b94aeda-46184318292110-1024x604.png\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-271072\" srcset=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-1cfbc9346b94aeda-46184318292110-1024x604.png 1024w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-1cfbc9346b94aeda-46184318292110-300x177.png 300w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-1cfbc9346b94aeda-46184318292110-768x453.png 768w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-1cfbc9346b94aeda-46184318292110-1536x905.png 1536w, https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-1cfbc9346b94aeda-46184318292110.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hourly ETH\/USDT chart on Binance. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tradingview.com\/symbols\/ETHUSDT\/\">TradingView<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Market participants called Fusaka a powerful long-term catalyst for Ethereum.<\/p>\n<p>A trader known as Merlijn The Trader pointed to the impact that the previous upgrade\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/ethereum-activates-major-pectra-upgrade\">Pectra<\/a>\u2014had on the coin\u2019s price.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">ETHEREUM: THE MOST UNDERRATED CATALYST OF Q4.<\/p>\n<p>Ethereum upgrade Fusaka drops Dec 3.<br \/>Faster blocks. Cheaper gas. Smarter scaling<\/p>\n<p>Pectra triggered a +58% move.<br \/>Fusaka is built to launch harder.<\/p>\n<p>Price lags fundamentals.<br \/>But not for long. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/O0u3jcDHAY\">pic.twitter.com\/O0u3jcDHAY<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Merlijn The Trader (@MerlijnTrader) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/MerlijnTrader\/status\/1995145804454281426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 30, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cAfter Pectra we saw a 58% jump. Fusaka is the next level. Price does not yet reflect the fundamental changes, but the gap is only a matter of time,\u201d he wrote.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>A similar view was <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/LLuciano_BTC\/status\/1994688916327420255\">expressed<\/a> by the bitcoin investor known as Lucky:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cFusaka is a qualitatively different level. The upgrade feels like the very catalyst that can ignite a truly powerful rally. Ethereum is finally showing how far scaling can go without compromising its core principles and architecture.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Almost sharding<\/h2>\n<p>Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin congratulated developers on the successful Fusaka rollout and <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/vitalik-buterin-identifies-key-to-ethereums-scalability\">again stressed<\/a> the importance of PeerDAS. In his words, the protocol \u201cis significant because it literally is sharding.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">PeerDAS in Fusaka is significant because it literally is sharding.<\/p>\n<p>Ethereum is coming to consensus on blocks without requiring any single node to see more than a tiny fraction of the data. And this is robust to 51% attacks \u2014 it&#8217;s client-side probabilistic verification, not\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/OK81xBteER\">pic.twitter.com\/OK81xBteER<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/VitalikButerin\/status\/1996342458234605895?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 3, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u201cEthereum is coming to consensus on blocks without requiring any single node to see more than a tiny fraction of the data. And this is robust to 51% attacks \u2014 it\u2019s client-side probabilistic verification, not validator voting. Sharding was a dream for Ethereum since 2015, and data-availability sampling since 2017, and now it has become reality,\u201d he wrote.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>However, the implementation of sharding in Fusaka is deliberately incomplete, Buterin noted. Eliminating the following three constraints will be the main task for developers in the coming years:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Scaling for L1.<\/strong> The update sped up <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-a-layer%e2%80%912-solution-in-blockchain\">layer-2 solutions.<\/a> To make the base chain faster and cheaper, <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-a-zero-knowledge-proof\">ZK<\/a>\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-the-ethereum-virtual-machine-evm\">EVM<\/a> needs to be introduced.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Centralisation in block building.<\/strong> Today a single participant must assemble the next block in Ethereum. This creates a bottleneck and harms decentralisation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A single transaction pool.<\/strong> All unconfirmed transactions end up in one large queue for the entire network. For full scaling, this queue needs to be split into shards so load is distributed evenly rather than pressing on a single node.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>\u201cThe next two years will give us time to refine the PeerDAS mechanism, carefully scale it while maintaining stability, use it to scale L2s, and then, when ZK-EVMs \u2018mature\u2019, aim it at scaling the gas limit on Ethereum L1,\u201d Buterin stressed.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>In November, the co-founder <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/buterin-advocates-shift-from-scaling-to-optimising-ethereum\">proposed<\/a> shifting from scaling to optimising Ethereum. The gas limit and the cost of complex operations such as storage could be increased fivefold.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ethereum developers have successfully deployed the Fusaka upgrade on mainnet.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":91812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"select":"1","news_style_id":"1","cryptorium_level":"","_short_excerpt_text":"ETH price rose 3.6%","creation_source":"ai_translated","_metatest_mainpost_news_update":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[46,268,200],"class_list":["post-91811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-ethereum","tag-hardfork","tag-vitalik-buterin"],"aioseo_notices":[],"amp_enabled":true,"views":"246","promo_type":"1","layout_type":"1","short_excerpt":"ETH price rose 3.6%","is_update":"0","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91811"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":91826,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91811\/revisions\/91826"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/91812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}