{"id":96304,"date":"2026-04-19T18:38:58","date_gmt":"2026-04-19T15:38:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/?p=96304"},"modified":"2026-04-19T18:42:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-19T15:42:03","slug":"week-in-review-78000-tested-and-penalties-for-crypto-exchange-in-russia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/week-in-review-78000-tested-and-penalties-for-crypto-exchange-in-russia\/","title":{"rendered":"Week in review: $78,000 tested and penalties for crypto exchange in Russia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bitcoin tested $78,000, crypto projects faced a fresh wave of hacks, Russia proposed penalties for illegal exchange of digital assets, and other events of the week.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cautious optimism in the market<\/h2>\n<p>Over the past seven days bitcoin extended its uptrend and held above key support. Monday opened with <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/bitcoin-falls-below-71000-amidst-trumps-decision-to-block-hormuz-strait\">a drop to $71,000<\/a> amid reports that US\u2013Iran talks had collapsed.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-a0bdfff1925982f9-2214061580183845.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278661\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hourly BTC\/USDT chart on Binance. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tradingview.com\/symbols\/BTCUSDT\/\">TradingView<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But in the early hours of Tuesday, April 14, the asset <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/bitcoin-surpasses-74000-mark\">rose<\/a> above $74,000. Some observers linked the move to the liquidation of a large volume of short positions.<\/p>\n<p>Through Friday the bellwether traded in a narrow $73,000\u2013$76,000 range. After US markets opened for the final session of the week, the asset <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/bitcoin-breaks-through-78000-as-the-strait-of-hormuz-reopens\">spiked<\/a> to $78,000.<\/p>\n<p>The uptick followed a statement by Iran\u2019s foreign minister, Abbas Araghchi, that the Strait of Hormuz had been reopened.<\/p>\n<p>The gains did not last. Over the weekend digital gold gave back the entire Friday rally, sliding to $75,000. The coin added about 6% over the week.<\/p>\n<p>Other top\u2011ten coins largely tracked the leader. ETH rose 6%, XRP 8% and BNB 5%.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-d478f03807169aca-2214061580401281.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278657\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/coinmarketcap.com\/\">CoinMarketCap<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Despite the bounce, investors remain wary. The main worry is a possible short squeeze. A notable gap has <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/analysts-warn-of-short-squeeze-risks-in-cryptocurrency-market\">opened up<\/a> between buoyant spot prices and bearish positioning in futures \u2014 a mismatch that often ends in large\u2011scale liquidations.<\/p>\n<p>The rally also came with inflows into <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-a-cryptocurrency-etf\">ETFs<\/a>. Spot bitcoin products attracted $996m for the week \u2014 the second\u2011largest tally since the start of the year.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-ca2631812d059570-2214061533122868.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278660\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/sosovalue.com\/assets\/etf\/us-btc-spot\">SoSoValue<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ethereum funds took in $275m.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-5ded7b7c752a1a4d-2214061508318855.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278655\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/sosovalue.com\/assets\/etf\/us-eth-spot\">SoSoValue<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Total crypto market capitalisation climbed to $2.6trn. BTC dominance is 57.5%, ETH 10.7%.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-cryptos-fear-and-greed-index\">Crypto Fear and Greed Index<\/a> returned to the fear zone at 27 for the first time since mid\u2011March.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-288e5a8b47ec5a2c-2214061473273739.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278658\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Crypto Fear and Greed Index. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/alternative.me\/crypto\/fear-and-greed-index\/\">Alternative<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A new wave of hacks<\/h2>\n<p>Large\u2011scale attacks have hit crypto projects for weeks. On April 13 the Polkadot <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-are-cross-chain-bridges\">cross\u2011chain bridge<\/a> Hyperbridge was compromised.<\/p>\n<p>An attacker <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/hacker-breaches-hyperbridge-mints-1-billion-polkadot-tokens\">gained<\/a> admin rights and minted 1bn <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-is-polkadot-dot\">DOT<\/a> tokens. They then sold the coins in a single transaction for 108.2 ETH (about $237,000).<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-1c3381b1fe6d9544-2214061535526850.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278659\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CertiKAlert\/status\/2043557571609731268\">X<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The main Polkadot network was unaffected \u2014 only the <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/what-are-erc-20-tokens\">ERC\u201120<\/a> version of its native coin on Ethereum was impacted.<\/p>\n<p>The Hyperbridge team later <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/hyperbridge\/status\/2044750854457061393\">said<\/a> losses had been revised up to $2.5m. Most of the sum reflects hits to reward pools on Ethereum, Base, BNB Chain and Arbitrum.<\/p>\n<p>The project pledged to compensate affected users.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the week, on April 17, the Kelp protocol was <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/kelp-protocol-loses-293-million-following-cross-chain-bridge-attack\">hit<\/a>. Criminals again used a vulnerability in a cross\u2011chain bridge.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-efd248ef3fa4b6f9-2214061486911515.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278656\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/CyversAlerts\/status\/2045596550882001142\">X<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>According to analyses of the incident, the hacker invoked the lzReceive function in the EndpointV2 contract, initiating a transfer of 116,500 rsETH to a personal address. Losses are estimated at roughly $293m.<\/p>\n<p>After the breach the protocol froze most operations. The incident also hit the Aave lending platform \u2014 the attacker routed assets through it.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to discuss with friends?<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tether <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/tether-introduces-a-peoples-bitcoin-wallet\">launched<\/a> a \u201cpeople\u2019s\u201d bitcoin wallet.<\/li>\n<li>Bitwise: the conflict in Iran <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/bitwise-iran-conflict-positions-bitcoin-as-a-real-settlement-medium\">brought<\/a> bitcoin closer to the role of a real means of payment.<\/li>\n<li>China <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/china-unveils-ai-integration-plan-for-education\">launched<\/a> a plan to integrate AI into education.<\/li>\n<li>Critique instead of partnership. Journalists <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/criticism-over-partnership-journalists-investigate-polymarket-and-kalshi\">published<\/a> an investigation into Polymarket and Kalshi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Russia tightens exchange rules<\/h2>\n<p>Russia\u2019s government commission on legislative activity <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/experts-assess-penalties-for-illegal-cryptocurrency-dealings-in-russia\">approved<\/a> provisions that would introduce criminal liability for illegal cryptocurrency operations.<\/p>\n<p>The initiative adds Article 171.7 to the Criminal Code \u2014 on the illegal organisation of digital\u2011currency circulation. It provides liability for running such activity without registration or a Central Bank licence.<\/p>\n<p>Penalties depend on the amount of damage. The base offence carries a fine of up to 300,000 roubles, compulsory labour, or up to four years\u2019 imprisonment.<\/p>\n<p>With aggravating factors \u2014 including if the act is committed by a group or in an especially large amount \u2014 the term can rise to seven years and the fine to 1m roubles. \u201cLarge\u201d damage would start at 3.5m roubles; \u201cespecially large\u201d at 13.5m.<\/p>\n<p>The amendments will form part of the bill <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/the-end-of-shadow-trading-russias-forthcoming-crypto-market-rules\">\u201cOn digital currency and digital rights\u201d<\/a>, which could take effect from July 1, 2026.<\/p>\n<p>In comments to ForkLog, experts assessed the provisions and their implications for the domestic market. Olga Zakharova, head of the legal department at Plan B, stressed that penalties would not apply to one\u2011off crypto exchanges \u2014 that is, not to ordinary users of digital assets.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIllegal circulation\u201d refers specifically to activity that organises the turnover of virtual currency. At risk are not only exchangers but also any services that facilitate deals or provide infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>Ignat Likhunov, founder of the Cartesius law agency, argued that the key problem for the market is not criminal liability itself, but how easy it is to approach it.<\/p>\n<p>He called the 3.5m\u2011rouble threshold a relatively small sum for the flow of digital assets.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThat is, roughly speaking, if an exchanger bought, say, 40,000 USDT or 50,000 USDT, which are considered crypto, incurred expenses, and then sold them for more, earning 1% for himself, it turns out he has already exceeded the 3.5m threshold and worked his way into part of the first offence,\u201d Likhunov explained.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Andrey Tugarin, founder of the law firm GMT Legal, noted that the key task of the new package of bills is to regulate organisers of digital\u2011currency circulation. First and foremost these are crypto exchangers, though the circle of participants is broader.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OpenAI is keeping up<\/h2>\n<p>The response to the controversial release of the AI model <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/anthropic-restricts-public-access-to-ai-model-mythos-after-laboratory-escape\">Mythos<\/a> by Antropic did not take long. OpenAI <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/openai-counters-anthropic-with-release-of-gpt-5-4-cyber-ai-model\">opened<\/a> access for a limited number of users to GPT\u20115.4\u2011Cyber \u2014 a new solution for finding vulnerabilities in software.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cThis is a version of GPT\u20115.4 that lowers the refusal threshold for legitimate cybersecurity work and unlocks new capabilities for advanced defensive workflows,\u201d the announcement said.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Among the additional features is reverse\u2011engineering of binary files. It allows experts to analyse compiled software for vulnerabilities and malicious code, as well as assess overall security without direct access to source code.<\/p>\n<p>To access the tool, users must verify their identity, and organisations must request permission through their representative.<\/p>\n<p>Anthropic\u2019s recent release caused much noise in the AI industry. The company refused to release the model openly because of its advanced vulnerability\u2011finding abilities and high security risks.<\/p>\n<p>The concern was that in just a few weeks Mythos discovered thousands of zero\u2011day vulnerabilities in major operating systems and web browsers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Also on ForkLog:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At Stanford they <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/stanford-highlights-rapid-ai-development\">noted<\/a> the outpacing development of AI.<\/li>\n<li>The loss of the largest holder of Ethereum <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/bitmine-immersion-technologies-faces-3-8-billion-loss-amid-ethereum-market-decline\">exceeded<\/a> $3.8bn.<\/li>\n<li>Public miners <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/public-miners-offload-record-32000-btc-in-a-quarter\">sold<\/a> a record 32,000 BTC in a quarter.<\/li>\n<li>Bitcoin mining difficulty <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/bitcoin-mining-difficulty-decreases-by-2-4\">fell<\/a> by 2.4%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clarification for crypto wallets<\/h2>\n<p>This week the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/sec-eases-requirements-for-self-custodial-crypto-wallets\">published<\/a> a statement clarifying its interpretation of software interfaces for cryptocurrency transactions under broker\u2011dealer rules.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/img-2db8e5d1edc2bfc2-2214061577414333.webp\" alt=\"image\" class=\"wp-image-278662\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/SECGov\/status\/2043739582273855635\">X<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>According to the memo, solutions for operations via self\u2011custodial wallets may, under certain circumstances, be exempt from registration.<\/p>\n<p>The main condition is not to nudge investors toward specific trades in crypto\u2011asset securities. Providers must also avoid commenting on execution paths and meet other SEC standards.<\/p>\n<p>Although the clarification has no official force, it \u201cprovides greater clarity in applying the laws,\u201d the authors noted.<\/p>\n<p>The community called the document \u201cone of the most important\u201d in the history of US digital assets. Commissioner <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/who-is-hester-peirce-and-why-is-she-dubbed-the-crypto-mom\">Hester Peirce<\/a> also supported the initiative.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cCryptocurrencies are forcing the SEC to grapple with internal demons that pushed it toward ever broader interpretations of the securities laws,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Over the past year the Commission has issued several similar guides. In one of them the agency <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/sec-excludes-stablecoins-from-securities-and-announces-safe-harbor\">excluded<\/a> meme coins and most stablecoins from the category of securities.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What else to read?<\/h2>\n<p>ForkLog <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/how-the-ethereum-killers-were-killed\">revisited<\/a> the path of alternative layer\u2011one blockchains. The new piece analyses the promises, the billions raised and the harsh reality protocol teams faced in 2026.<\/p>\n<p>In the traditional digest we <a href=\"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/news\/kraken-faces-extortion-signal-chats-recovered-and-other-cybersecurity-news\">compiled<\/a> the week\u2019s main cybersecurity events.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bitcoin tested $78,000; a new wave of hacks hit crypto projects; Russia proposed penalties for illegal exchange of digital assets \u2014 and other events of the week.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":96305,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"select":"1","news_style_id":"1","cryptorium_level":"","_short_excerpt_text":"Bitcoin tests $78,000; hacks hit projects; Russia backs penalties for illicit crypto exchange.","creation_source":"","_metatest_mainpost_news_update":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1244],"class_list":["post-96304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-analysis","tag-weekly-summary"],"aioseo_notices":[],"amp_enabled":true,"views":"13","promo_type":"1","layout_type":"1","short_excerpt":"Bitcoin tests $78,000; hacks hit projects; Russia backs penalties for illicit crypto exchange.","is_update":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96304"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96306,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96304\/revisions\/96306"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forklog.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}